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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 

^Iv BUREAU OF EDUCATION. 



UNIVERSITY ORGANIZATION FOR NATIONAL SERVICE AND DEFENSE. 

UuivorsityofFicei-saiidstudents tiiroughoiit tlieUnitod States aro eager in tho pi-e.sent national 
omergency to give. the utmost that may be demanded for the furtherance of American interests 
and for the preservation of American Ufe and ideals. A portion of eaclx univereity community 
will naturally offer itself when the occasion nrises for active militiiry and naval duty. Many 
imivei"sities have, indeed, already organized battalions or regiments and have conducted special 
courses for the training of officers. Other institutions will doubtless add their quota to meet 
this immediate and obvious need. 

ITnivei-sity ofTicei-s may be remu\ded, however, that training for militarj- duty is but a part of 
the effective preparatioi\ of a uatioii for eventual hostilities. Of equal importance are the or- 
ganization of technical skill, the assembling of trained minds for the performance of definite 
tasks roquirmg special education or experience, the selection of persons qualified to direct the 
coimtless minor activities on which the successful prosecution of military operations rests. The 
efficient use of the Nation's human resources demands that those who can best serve in these 
supporting and auxiliary lines be assigned to appropriate stations. 

The \uiiversities and colleges of the country are pecuUarly qualified to contribute to this 
oi'ganization. Each institution is a natural unit. Its students and officers are already assembled 
in one place. Ii^formation concernhig the training and capacity of all can be secm-cd without 
difficulty. AU are receptive of intelligent direction and able to profit by it. Contacts with 
graduates can also be readily established. Each institution can easily perfect a complete 
voltmtary organization which may, in case of necessity, be immediately mobilized and which 
may be incorporated partly or en bloc into Federal or State agencies for defense. 

As illustrating the possibilities of such organization, an outline of the plan which Columbia 
Univei-sity has put into operation is given herewith. The essential parts of the statement are 
drawn from a circular recently issued by the imiversity. The registration cards used in the 
organization of students and alumni are reproduced. 

THE ORGANIZATION OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONAL SERVICE. 

"A committee appointed by President Butler, as the result of a meeting of the members of 
Columbia University for the purpose of considering ways and means by which the university 
might be'of service to the Nation, the State, and city in the present critical situation, adopted a 
general plan of procedure as follows: 

(1) To make a personnel index of the eatire university body. 

(2) To perfect an internal organization into larger and smaller subdivisions which shall operate autonomously and 
in coordination \vith one another. 

(3) To establish cooperative relations with Governmental agencies of the Nation, the State, and city for patriotic 

service. 

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"1. The making of a personnel index was imdertaken at the outset. The miiversity, as 

a whole, comprises upward of 1,100 officers, 36,000 graduates, and 13,500 students now in 
residence, most of whom through their trauiing and experience possess imusually high quali- 
fications. It is true that a majority of the officers and many of the alunmi are well enough 
kno^vix to render formal registration minecessary, but nevertheless a comprehensive index is 
desirable to include these as well as the many hundreds of individuals who may also be efficient 
members of a mobilized bod}^ Index cards have been sent to every mend)er of the administra- 
tive and teaching staff, to the students of the several schools, and to all of the graduates of the 
luiivei-sity. By means of a return sUp any recipient may indicate a desire fo procure cards for 
the enrollment of such members of his family as may wish to pjirticipate in tlie work of the 
imiversity as a whole." The cards for both men and women are reproduced below: 

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A letter of transmittal includes an a]>i)eal to unixci-sity loyjilty in order that the registra- 
tion may be as full as possible, even if the recipient ma\- not desire to answer the (juestions 
concernuig enrollment. Tlie letter follows: 

"Kindly fiU out and return the accompanying card at once. The primary intent of the 
card is to make a census or personnel index of Columbia Univei-sity in all its parts — faculty, 
students, and alunini, both men and women — with a view to classification and organization 
according to the possible needs of tlie Federal Government. 'Hie cards, as well as the infor- 
mation they contain, arc exclusively for the use and gui(hince of the univei'sily. Tlie card 
also provides for voluntary eurolhnent if the individual so desires, hut any unwillingness to 
enroll should not prevent the filling out and returning of the i|uestionnaire 

"The university is being organized in its entirety, including the families of alunuii as well 
us of oflicers and students, and, upon re([uest, cards will be sent for tlie regislration i>f pcisons 
not on the official lists of the University. 

"The directors of the Alumni Federation have ap])oinled a committee to cooperate willi 
the univei-sity in makuig this census and in organizing the imiversity's resources.'' 

This letter makes it entirely clear that the i)ei-sonnel index is for the use (*f Columl)ia rniversity 
alone and that registration and enrollment do not in themselves reiuier an individual liable to 
Govermnent service. The Columbia University Circular concludes as follows: 

"2. The comprehensive plan for the internal organization of the I'niveiNity wliich pro- 
vides for the definite regimentation of smaller nnd larg(>r gioups, and for tlic arli( iiialinns of 
the lesser or greater units, is the following: 

I. Stdjf Corps. Chief: President Butler. 

('(immittee on Organization and procedure: Prof. FI. E. Craniiilon, Cliairnuiii. 
n. Mcdic.ul Corps. Chief: Bean S. W. Lambeht. 
Div.— Hospltol: Dr. A. Y. S. Lambert. 

Section — Hospital Organization: Dr. S. R. Bnrnaii. 

Section — Red Cross and Nursing: Prof. Mary A. Xutlinir. and Miss .\. C. Maxwell. 
Div. — Pharmacological: Dean H. H. Rusby. 
Div.— Dental: Dr. H. S. Dunning. 
Div. — (Veterinary) ; 
Div.— Biological: Prof. F. S. Lee. 

Section — Botany: Dr. N. L. Britton, 

Section — Zoology: Prof. G. N. Calkin.s. 

Section— Physiology: Prof. F. H. Pike. 
Div. — Laboratory: Dr. H. Zinsser. 

III. Lfgal Corps. Chief: Dean H. F. Stone. 

Div. — International Law: Prof. J. B. Moore. 
Div. — Military Law: Prof. V. Moore. 
Div.— .Admiralty Law: Mr. J. ■\'. Hewitt. 
Div.— Civil Law: R. W. Gifford. 

IV. Technical Corps. Chief: Prof. M. I. Pupin. 

Div. — Minerals and Areas: Prof. R. M. Raymond. 

Section — Geology: Prof. C. P. Berkey. 

Section — Geography and Topography: Prof. D. W. .Johnson. 

Section — Mining: Prof. R. Peele. 

Section— Metallurgy: Prof. A. L. ■\\'alker. 
Div.— CheniLsti-y: Prof. M. T. Bogert. 
Div. — Physics: Prof. G. B. Pegram. 
Div. — ^Mathematics and Astronomy: Prof. H. E. Hawkes. 

Section — Mathematics: Prof. T. S. Fiske. 

Section — Astronomy: Prof. H. Jacoby. 



IV. Technical Corps — Continued. 

Di v.— Engineering: Prof. C. E. Liickc. 

Section— Civil Engineering: Prof. E. 1!, Lovoll. 

Section— Electrical Engineering: Prof. A\'. .1. Slichter. 

Section — Mechanical Engineering: Afr. L. P.. Mor.se. 

Section — Sanitan,- Engineering: Prof. D. D. Jackson. 

Section— Drafting: Prof, S. O.Miller. 

Section— Skilled Labor: . 

Div.— Fine Arts: Prof. \V. A. Boring. 

Section— Architecture: Prof, A. D. V. Iloinliii. 

Section— Music: Prof. D. Ci. Mason. 

Section— Art: Prof. A. W. Dow. 

V. Economics and Social Service Corps. Chief: Prof, S. M. Liniks.w. 

Div. — General Economics: Prof. H. R. Seager, 

Section — Foods and Agriculture: Prof. O. S. Morgan. 
Section— Industry: Prof. R. G. McCrea. 

Section — Finance: Prof. W. G. Mitchell. 
Div. — Social Ser\-ice and Social Organization: Prof, E. T. Divine. 
Div.— Statistics: Prof. R. E, Chaddock. 
Div.— Historical Science: Prof. J. T, Shotwell, 
Div. — Civics: Prof. C. A, Beard. 
Div. — Intelligence and Publicity: Prof. W. B. Pitkin. 
Div. — Philosophy, Psychology, and Anthropology: Prof. E. L, Thorudiko. 

Section— Philosophy; Prof. W. T. Bush. 

Section — Psychology: Prof. R. S. Wood worth. 

Section — Anthropology: Dr. C. WLigler. 
Div. — Religion: Chaplain R. C. Knox. 
VI. Home Inslruclion and Organization Corps. Chief: Dean J. E. Russell. 
Div. — Organization of Education: Prof. P. Monroe. 
Div. — Household Arts: Prof. M. A, Bigelow. 
Div.— Physical Education: Prof, T. D. Wood, 
VII. Languayc Corps. Chief: Provost W. J. Brew-sti:!!. 
Div.— EngUsh: Prof. A. H. Thorndike. 
Div. — Germanic: Prof. C. Thomas. 
Div. — Romance: Prof. R. Weeks. 

Section — French; Prof. L. A. Lois.seaux. 

Section — Spanish: Mr. L. Imbert. 

Section — Italian: Prof. A. A. Livingston. 

Section — Rumanian: Mr. A. L. Wechsler. 
Div. — Slavonic; Prof. J. D. Prince. 
Div. — Other Languages: Prof. G. Lodge. 
VIII. Military Training Corps. Chief: Mr. J. D. Living.ston. 

Div. — Reserve Officers' Training Corps, Army: Mr. A. S. Dwight. 
Div. — Reserve Officers' Training Corps, Navy: Mr. H. L. Satterlee. 

"The number of major divisions or corps has been kept as small as possible in order to 
centraUze their relations effectively. Furthermore, the lines of the administrative and educa- 
tional organization of the university have not been followed absolutely, save that in a general 
way the natural divisions into teaching subjects and the natural groupings of such subjects 
have been kept in view. The entire scheme has been developed in such a way as to give 
definite position and sphere of activity to every essential unit of the university. 

"The estabUshment of external relations may be effected either on the initiative of the 
university or in response 'to requests from other bodies for cooperation. Already certain 
individual units have come into relation with organizations of national scope, e. g., chemistry 
and physics with the National Research Council, mechanical engineering and electrical engi- 



8 



020 914 323 9 



neering with the Nnr\' Departinpiit, and phj'sics vriih n grouj) whoso nienil)ers dcsiro training 
in modes of wireless communication. 

"The president of the university has informed the Council and Commission of National 
Defense as a federal body, the National Research Council, the governor and the commissioner 
of education of New York as State officials, and the mayor of the city of New York, that the 
above plans for the mobihzation of Columbia University have been adopted, and that the 
larger and smaller units are preparing to render such service as any of these official agencies 
may request them to perform." 

It is thought that this plan may l)c helpful to otlicr institutions whicii are contemplating 
similar organization. Certain modifications will probably suggest themselves to render the 
plan appropriate to local institutional conditions. For example, it is evident that the scheme 
of divisional i>rganization would have to be expanded in some direction (and possibly curtailed 
in others) in the case of State colleges of agriculture or of institutions having specisJ technical 
departments. 

'ITie experience of other agencies which have sought to estabhsh sinular voluntary organiza- 
tions indicates that two items may well be added to both registration cards. Tlie lirst is the 
request that the name of the person reporting be typewritten or printed, 'flie second is this 
question: "How soon could you accept Government service, if offered?" 



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